Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic Forestry—How to Implement UN Sustainable Development Goals

Forests are the dominant land cover in Nordic–Baltic countries, and forestry, management of forests for improved ecosystem-service (ES) delivery, is an important contributor to sustainability. forestry support multiple United Nations Sustainability Goals (UN SDGs) a number EU policies, can address conflicting environmental goals. provide ecosystem services natural solutions, including wood fibre production, food, clear clean water air, animal plant habitats, soil formation, aesthetics, cultural social services. Carbon sequestered by growing trees key factor envisaged transition from fossil-based biobased economy. Here, we highlight possibilities forest-based solutions mitigate current emerging societal challenges. We discuss effects on forest ecosystems, focusing optimisation ES delivery fulfilment UN SDGs while counteracting unwanted effects. In particular, trilemma (i) increasing production substitute raw fossil materials, (ii) carbon storage capacity, (iii) improving biodiversity other delivery.